10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python
06.11.2020
Extra Questions Carbon and its Compounds - CBSE Class 10 Science - CoolGyan
What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur which is made up compoundx eight atoms of sulphur? What are the two properties of carbon Compounds And Carbon Ncert 10th Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th ncert carbon and compounds python lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us? Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions.
Therefore, it requires a lot of energy to overcome these 10th ncert carbon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python and compounds python. That is why ionic. Since the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid involves the addition of oxygen to ethanol, 1t0h is an oxidation reaction.
A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python a mixture of ethyne and air is not used? When ethyne is burnt in air, it gives a sooty flame. This is due to incomplete combustion caused by limited supply of air.
This oxy-acetylene flame is used for welding. It is 10th Carbon Ncert Compounds Python And not possible to attain such a high temperature without mixing oxygen. This is the reason why a mixture pythn ethyne and air is not used. We can distinguish between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid on the basis of their reaction 10th Carbon And 10th Compounds Ncert Python ncert carbon and compounds python carbonates and hydrogen carbonates. Acid reacts with carbonate.
Some substances such as alkaline potassium permanganate and acidified potassium dichromate are capable of adding oxygen to. These are known as oxidising. Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python long 10th ncert carbon and compounds python carboxylic acids. Unlike soap, they do not react with calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water to form scum. They give a good amount of lather irrespective of whether the water is hard 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python or soft.
This pyython that detergents can be used compounnds both soft and hard ahd. Therefore, catbon cannot be used to check whether the water is hard or not. People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. A soap molecule has 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python two parts namely hydrophobic and hydrophilic. With the help of these, it attaches to the grease or dirt particle and forms a cluster called micelle.
These micelles remain suspended as a colloid. To remove these micelles entrapping the dirtit is necessary to 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python agitate clothes. Carbon can neither lose four of its electrons nor gain four electrons commpounds both the processes require extra amount of energy and would make the system unstable.
Therefore, it completes its octet by sharing its four electrons with other carbon atoms or with atoms of other elements. The bonds that anf formed by sharing electrons are known as covalent bonds. In covalent bonding, both the atoms share the valence electrons, i. Here, carbon requires 4 electrons to complete its octet, while 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python each hydrogen atom requires one electron to complete its duplet.
Also, chlorine requires an electron to complete the octet. Therefore, all of these share compounnds electrons and as a result, carbon forms 3 bonds with hydrogen and one with chlorine. A homologous 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python series 10th ncert carbon and compounds python a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the 10th Ncert Acids And Bases Up same functional group.
For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane. How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python basis of their physical and chemical properties? This is below room. In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would 10tj take as the anode, the cathode and 10th ncert carbon and compounds python electrolyte? Most of the carbon compounds give Compounds And 10th Python Carbon Ncert 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python compkunds lot of heat and light when burnt in air.
Saturated hydrocarbons burn with a clean flame and no smoke is produced. The carbon compounds, used as a fuel, have high calorific values. Therefore, carbon and its compounds are used as fuels 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python for most applications. Carobn does not nad properly when the water is hard.
A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long chain fatty acids. Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. When soap is added to hard water, calcium and magnesium ions present in water displace sodium or potassium ions from the soap molecules forming an insoluble substance called scum. A lot of soap is wasted in the process. Since soap is basic in nature, it will turn red litmus 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python blue. However, the colour of blue litmus will remain blue.
Hydrogenation is the process of addition of hydrogen. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are added with hydrogen in the presence of palladium and nickel catalysts compkunds give saturated hydrocarbons. This reaction is applied in the And Ncert Carbon Compounds Python 10th hydrogenation of vegetables oils, which contain long chains of unsaturated carbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions.
Being unsaturated hydrocarbons, C3H6 and C2H2 undergo addition reactions. Butter contains saturated fats. Therefore, it cannot be hydrogenated.
On the other hand, oil has unsaturated 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python fats. That is why it can be hydrogenated to saturated fats solids. Cleansing action of soaps: 10tu dirt present on clothes is organic in 10th ncert carbon and compounds python and insoluble in water.
Therefore, it cannot be removed by only washing Compounds Carbon Python 10th Ncert And 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python Compounds And Ncert 10th Python Carbon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python Ncert Python Compounds Carbon And 10th with water. When soap is dissolved in water, its hydrophobic ends attach themselves to the dirt and remove it from the cloth.
Then, the molecules of soap arrange themselves in micelle formation and trap the dirt at the centre of the cluster. These 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python micelles remain suspended in the water. Hence, the dust particles are easily rinsed away by water.
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Update:However it should final years. Not as firm as cosmetic boats, right here as the cruiser? I can indeed indicate it to any one formulation to set up the timber vessel of his. It options tall sides, most people consider 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python of constructing their own home, that lowers a form of a carcass in a H2O. My father is receiving the demeanour during 10th ncert carbon and compounds python structure a single in each of your Eureka canoes.
Solution: Homologous series is a 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python series of compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass.
For example, methane has a lower boiling point than ethane since it has more intermolecular forces with neighbouring molecules. This is because of the increase in the number of atoms making up the molecule.
Question 14 How can ethanol and Ethanoic acid be differentiated on 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python the basis of their physical and chemical properties? Solution: i Ethanol has a pleasant smell whereas ethanoic acid has the smell of vinegar.
Question 15 Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python in other solvents such as ethanol also? Solution: Micelle formation takes place when soap is added to water. This is because when soap is added to water in which dirty clothes are soaked, the two parts of the soap molecule dissolves in 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python two different mediums.
The organic tail dissolves in the dirt, grime or grease and the ionic head dissolves in water. When the clothes are rinsed or agitated, the dirt gets pulled out of the clothes in the water by the soap Ncert Compounds 10th Carbon Python And molecule. In this way the soap does its cleaning work on dirty and grimy clothes or hands. The soap molecules actually form a closed structure because of mutual repulsion of the positively charged heads.
This structure is called a micelle. Question 16 Carbon Ncert And Compounds Python 10th 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications? Solution: Carbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most of the applications because they burn in air releasing a lot of heat energy. Question 17 Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap. Solution: The precipitate form of scum is formed when soap is used for washing clothes.
With hard water, a large amount of soap is wasted in reacting with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble precipitate. The precipitate form formed by the action of hard water on soap, sticks to the clothes being washed and interferes with the cleaning ability of the additional soap. This makes the cleaning of clothes difficult. Question 18 What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper red and blue?
Solution: Soap is the salt of a strong base NaOH and a weak acid carboxylic acid , so a solution of soap in water is basic in nature. Being basic, a soap solution turns red litmus paper blue. Question 19 What is hydrogenation? Solution: It is a class of chemical reactions in which the net result is addition of hydrogen H 2 to unsaturated organic And Python Carbon 10th Compounds Ncert Python 10th Compounds Ncert And Carbon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python compounds such as alkenes, alkynes, etc.
Hydrogenation is widely applied to the processing of vegetable oils and fats. Complete hydrogenation converts unsaturated fatty acids to saturated ones. From the above hydrocarbons C 2 H 2 is an alkyne, whereas C 3 H 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 6 is an alkene. So, C 3 H 6 and C 2 H 2 will undergo addition reactions. Question 21 Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil. Solution: Bromine water test can be used 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.
Add bromine water to a little of cooking oil and butter taken in separate test tubes. Decolourising of bromine water by cooking oil unsaturated compound b.
Butter saturated compound does not decolourise bromine 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python Carbon And Ncert 10th Compounds Python water. Question 22 Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps. Solution: We all know that soap is used to remove dirt and and grime from substances. Generally dirt and grime get stuck because they have an oily component, which is 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python difficult to remove, by plain brushing or washing by water. A soap molecule has two parts, a head and a tail i.
A soap molecule has a tadpole like structure shown below. The organic part is water insoluble but is soluble in And 10th Ncert Carbon Python Compounds 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python organic solvents or in oil or grease.
The ionic part is soluble in water, as water is a polar solvent. When soap is added to water in which dirty clothes are soaked, the two parts of the soap molecule dissolve in two different mediums. When the clothes are rinsed or agitated, the dirt gets pulled out of the clothes, by the soap molecule.
In this way soap does its cleaning work on dirty and grimy clothes or hands. The micelle pulls out the 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python dirt and grime more efficiently. Question 23 Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent? Solution: We would not be able to check whether a sample of water is hard by using a detergent, this is 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python because a detergent forms lather easily even with hard water. Question 24 People use a variety of methods to wash clothes.
Solution: It is necessary to shake to get clean clothes because the soap micelles, which entrap oily or greasy particles 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python on the surface of dirty clothes, have to be removed from their surface. When the clothes which are wet by soap solution are beaten, the micelles containing oil or greasy dirt particles get removed from the surface of dirty clothes and go 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python into water and the dirty cloth gets cleaned.
Question 1. Buckminster fullerene is an allotropic form of [NCERT Exemplar] a phosphorus b sulphur c carbon d tin Answer: c Buckminster fullerene is an allotrope of carbon containing clusters of 60 carbon atoms 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python joined together to form spherical molecules.
Its formula isC 60 C-sixty. It is a dark solid at room temperature and as compared to another allotropic form of carbon diamond and graphite , it is neither very hard nor soft.
Question 2. Question 3. In which of the following. Question 4. The long hydrocarbon chain is hydrophobic water repelling and ionic portion is hydrophilic water attracting. Question 5. Its formula is C 6 H 6. In structure b formula is C 6 H In structure a double bond is not at alternate position. Question 6. Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon? Rest three are straight chain hydrocarbons.
Question 7. Which among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons? Both ii and iv structures have triple 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python and double carbon-carbon bonds respectively. Question 8. Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the [NCERT Exemplar] a absence of sunlight b presence of sunlight c presence of water d presence of hydrochloric acid Answer: b Chlorine reacts with saturated 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python Carbon 10th Python Ncert Compounds And 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python hydrocarbon at room temperature in the presence of sunlight.
Question 9. In the above given reaction, alk. Question Butanone is a four carbon compound with functional group [NCERT Exemplar] a carboxylic acid b aldehyde c ketone d alcohol Answer: c In 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python butanone, the functional group is. Which of the following does not belong to the same homologous series?
Thus, C 4 H 10 is the next member of this series. So, C 4 H 8 does not belong to the homologous series. Which 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python of the following are correct structural isomers of butane? Since, molecular formula is same, only structures are different. So, i and iii are isomers while structures ii and iv have molecular formulaC 4 H 8. In a soap micelle, the soap molecules 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python are arranged readily with hydrocarbon ends directed towards the centre and ionic ends directed outwards.
Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel catalyst form fats. This is an example of [NCERT Exemplar] a addition reaction b 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th And Compounds Ncert Python Carbon substitution reaction c displacement reaction d oxidation reaction Answer: a Oils are unsaturated compounds containing double bonds. Addition reactions are characteristic property of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The given reaction is an example of addition reaction. Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.
Atomic number of Ne is Its electronic K L configuration is 2,8. Therefore, after the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of neon. Mineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python acids because i mineral acids are completely ionised. While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that [NCERT Exemplar] a food is not cooked completely b the fuel is not burning completely c 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python fuel is wet d fuel is burning completely Answer: b The unburnt particles of the fuel present in smoke blacken the vessel from outside.
The reaction in which a reagent partially or completely replaces atom or group of atoms from saturated compounds 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python or A are called B reaction. Here, A and B respectively refers to a unsaturated compounds, addition b unsaturated compounds, substitution c benzene, substitution d alkene, addition Answer: c Substitution reaction is usually given by saturated compounds and benzene.
Unsaturated compounds usually give addition reactions. B Aromatic compound: They have the ring structure and they have specific aroma or smell for e.
Isomers of pentane:- These are the same molecular formula with different structures like in C 5 H 12 having the Compounds Ncert Carbon 10th And Python Compounds Ncert Python Carbon And 10th 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python Carbon Compounds Ncert 10th Python And same formula but with different structure.
The structure in which outer most electrons of elements are represented in the form of dot or cross or they encircled to satisfy the outermost electronic configuration up to 8. In this carbon and compounds notes, And Ncert 10th Carbon Python Compounds 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python there are some important topics like Electron dot structure of CO 2 and Electron dot structure of Cyclopentane.
In this picture you see a cross which denotes the 4 or tetra valence electron of carbon c and on the other side dots are signs of 6 valence electrons of oxygen, both carbon and oxygen are mutually sharing there electron pairs to satisfy its octet. Homologous series: - the homologues series is a sequence of compound that has the functional group and they exhibit 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python similar chemical and physical properties. Longest chain of the carbon chain will be considered as a parent chain.
From which branch seems to close the main chain numbering will start from them 3. We will use prefixes if we find more than Compounds Carbon 10th And Python Ncert Compounds And Python Carbon 10th Ncert 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python one branch like tri, tetra etc. Alphabetical order should be maintained. Chemical Properties of Carbon and its Compounds A. Combustion reaction:- A lot of Carbon and its compounds on its reaction with oxygen leads to the evolution of large amount of Ncert 10th Carbon Compounds Python And carbon dioxide and heat this reaction is also known as oxidation reaction.
Oxidation reaction:- The Carbon and its Compounds on heating undergoes compete oxidation that means it add more oxygen in it one of the classic example of this scenario 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python when alcohols are reacted with potassium paramagnet it completely oxidize into carboxylic acid.
Addition reaction:- This reaction is use in the hydrogenation means addition of hydrogen in oils, in this reaction the unsaturated hydrocarbons are converted into saturated hydrocarbon by making 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python them react with hydrogen in the presence of nickel as catalyst D. Substitution reaction:- If we substitute or replace any atom or a group of atoms from any reaction and substitute it with any other atom then the reaction is known as substitution reaction.
Esters are easily formed by esterification reaction which is a reaction between alcohol and acid in this ethanol and carboxylic acid esters are sweet smelling compounds. This compound is used in the preparation of perfumes and sweet smelling 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python Compounds And Carbon Ncert 10th Python compounds.
What are organic and inorganic Carbon compounds? For e. What is alkane, alkene, alkyne Classification of Hydrocarbon? What are saturated organic compound and Unsaturated Organic carbon and its compounds? Isomerism: Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formula and 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python properties are known as Isomers and this phenomenon is known as Isomerism. Structural Isomerism: Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures are called Structural isomers.
Example: Isomers of butane C 4 H Homologous Series: Series of organic compounds having the same functional group and chemical properties and successive members differ by a CH 2 unit or 14 mass units are known as Homologous series. Homologous series of Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes. Functional Group: An atom or group of atoms present in 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python a molecule which largely determines its chemical properties are called Functional Group.
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds: It is difficult to remember millions of compounds by their individual common name. Identify the Number of Carbon Atoms in the Compound. Chemical Properties of Carbon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python Compounds: The important chemical properties are as follows: 1. Combustion: The complete combustion of carbon compounds in the air gives carbon dioxide water, heat and light.
Carbon burns in air or oxygen to give carbon dioxide and heat and light. Saturated hydrocarbons burn with a blue flame in the presence of a sufficient supply of air or oxygen. The gas and kerosene stove used at home has inlet for air so that, burnt to given clean blue flame. Due to presence of small amount Ncert 10th Python Compounds Carbon And of nitrogen and sulphur, coal and petroleum produces carbon dioxide with oxides of nitrogen and sulphur which are major pollutant.
Oxidation: Oxidation of ethanol in presence of oxidizing agents gives ethanoic acid. Oxidizing Agent: Some substances are capable of adding oxygen to others, are known as Oxidising Agent. Addition Reaction: Addition of dihydrogen with unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of catalysts such as nickel or platinum or palladium are known as Hydrogenation addition reaction.
Catalyst: Substances that cause a reaction to occur or 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python proceeds to different rate without consuming in it are called a catalyst. For example; Ni, Pt, Pd, etc. Process of converting vegetable oil into solid fat vegetable ghee is called Hydrogenation of Oil. Substitution Reaction: Replacement of one or more hydrogen atom 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python And 10th Ncert Python Compounds Carbon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python of an organic molecule by another atom or group of the atom is known as Substitution Reaction.
Physical Properties. Dehydrating agent: Substances which removes water from ethanol alcohols is known as Dehydrating agent. For example; Cone. Uses: As solvent, as antiseptic 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python tincture iodine , as anti-freeze in automobiles. The melting point of pure ethanoic acid is K and hence, it often freezes in cold climate so named as glacial acetic acid.
Chemical Properties i Esterification Reaction: Reaction of ethanoic acid with an alcohol in 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python And 10th Python Compounds Ncert Carbon 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python the presence of a few drops of conc.
H 2 SO 4 as catalyst gives a sweet-smelling substance known as Esters, called Esterification reaction. Esters are used in making perfumes and flavouring agents. Saponification Reaction: Reaction of esters with sodium hydroxide, gives 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid soap. This reaction is known as Saponification Reaction. Soap: Sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids is called Soap. Detergent: Ammonium and sulphonate salts of long chain fatty acids are called Detergent.
Hard and Soft Water: Water that does not produce lather with soap readily is called Hard water and which produces lather with soap is called Soft Water.
Hardness of water is due to the presence of bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphate salt of 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python calcium and magnesium. Advantage of Detergents: The main advantage of detergent over soaps is that soaps cannot be used in hard water for washing because hard water reacts with soap to form curdy white precipitate called Scum.
Thus, in hard water, soap 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python does not give lather while detergent does. Cleansing Action of Soaps and Detergents: Both soaps and detergents cantains two parts. A long hydrocarbon part which is hydrophobic water repelling in nature and a short ionic part which is hydrophillic water attracting 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python in nature. The hydrocarbon part of the soap molecule links itself to the oily dirt drop and ionic end orients itself towards water and forms a spherical structure called micelles.
The soap micelles helps in dissolving the dirt in water and wash 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python our clothes. Covalent Bond: A chemical bond formed between two atoms by sharing of valence electrons between two atoms so that each atom acquires the stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas. Carbon always forms a covalent bond: Atomic no of 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python carbon is 6. So, its configuration is K-2, L Therefore, it should either lose or gain 4 electrons to achieve the noble gas configuration and become stable.
However, it is difficult for carbon to gain or lose four electrons because of Compounds 10th Ncert Carbon And Python Python Ncert 10th Compounds And Carbon the following reasons:. Tetravalency of Carbon: A carbon atom has four electrons in the valence shell. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds, i. Allotropic forms of Carbon: The phenomenon of existence of an element in two or more forms which have different physical properties but identical chemical properties is called allotropy.
Three allotropic forms of carbon:. Saturated Compound: Compounds of carbon which have only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called saturated compounds e. Unsaturated Compound: Compounds of carbon which contain one or 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms are called unsaturated compounds e. Homologous series: A family of organic compounds having the same functional group, similar chemical properties and the successive adjacent members differ by a CH 2 unit or 14 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python mass unit.
Characteristics of a homologous series: All the members of a homologous series can be represented by a general formula. The molecular formula of two successive adjacent members of a homologous series differs by a CH 2 unit.
The molecular masses of any two successive members of a homologous series differ by 14 u. All the members of a given homologous series have the same functional group. All the members of a series show similar chemical properties.
The members of a homologous series Python And Carbon 10th Ncert Compounds show a gradation in physical properties. This was done to maintain uniformity throughout the world. The rules for nomenclature are as follows: i Identify the number of carbon atoms in the carbon compound. Name the carbon compounds according to the number 10th Carbon And Compounds Ncert Python of carbon atoms. Example, Saturated hydrocarbon having one carbon atom is named as Methane.
Saturated hydrocarbon having two carbon atoms is named as Ethane. Then write the name of the parent compound:. Cleansing action of soap: The dirt is generally held to the surface of a dirty cloth by a thin film of oil or grease.
When a dirty cloth is treated with soap or detergent solution, the non- polar tail of the soap or the detergent dissolve in oil or grease while the 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python 10th Ncert Carbon And Compounds Python polar heads are held by the surrounding water. Soap or detergent micelle is formed with the oily or greasy dirt lying at their Centre Soap or detergent is attracted both by the greasy dirt and water.
When the surface of the And Carbon Python Ncert 10th Compounds cloth is mechanically scrubbed or beaten on a stone or with a wooden paddle or agitated in a washing machine, the loosened oily particle is removed from the dirty surface and the cloth is cleaned.
Detergents lower the surface tension of water to a greater extent than soap, therefore the cleansing action of detergent is much higher than those of soaps. In spite of its small amount available in nature, carbon is a versatile element as it forms the basis for all living organisms Carbon And Python 10th Ncert Compounds 10th Ncert And Carbon Python Compounds and many things which we use. Allotropes of carbon: The phenomenon by means of which an element can exist in two or more forms, with similar chemical properties but different physical properties are called allotropy and the different forms are called allotropes.
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